Light, colorless, and pungent, formaldehyde is not merely a scientific curiosity but a common household poison with severe health impacts. A report from ProPublica in December 2024 noted that formaldehyde “causes more cancers than any other chemical and is one of the constituents of the atmosphere responsible for cancer.” Studies by the National Academies of Sciences and various health authorities affirm that formaldehyde is carcinogenic and can lead to cancers such as nasopharyngeal, sinonasal, and myeloid leukemia.
A Carcinogenic chemical in our homes
Estimates from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) indicate that long-term exposure to formaldehyde in homes may cause 255 cancer cases per million people, with no risk of myeloid leukemia due to the indeterminacy in the calculations. ProPublica claims that these estimates could be as much as fourfold underreported.
Formaldehyde can be found in a wide range of household products and building materials, including composite wood, insulation, paints, glues, and even permanent press clothing. It is also present in fuel-burning appliances and cigarettes. While widely prevalent, recent efforts to regulate formaldehyde have been opposed by profit-swiven chemical companies.
Broader health impacts and precautionary measures
The dangers of formaldehyde extend beyond cancer. It can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat, and prolonged exposure may lead to severe respiratory issues, asthma, and even neurotoxicity affecting brain and nerve function. In extreme cases, it can result in death from throat swelling or lung damage.
To minimize exposure, experts recommend practical steps:
- Choose low-formaldehyde products for home construction and remodeling.
- Ventilate indoor spaces regularly and air out new furniture or wood products before use.
- Avoid smoking indoors and wash new clothes before wearing them.
The American Lung Association and ProPublica emphasize awareness and proactive measures to safeguard health. A search tool from ProPublica helps individuals assess their risk based on location. Consultation with a healthcare provider is crucial if symptoms or concerns about exposure arise. With its far-reaching impact on health, formaldehyde highlights the urgent need for stricter regulations and increased public awareness to address this pervasive threat.
